von Nadine Krysostan
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11. Februar 2025
Trees, in fact forests, have an amazing ability to recover and to persevere – when they are given the time to do so, and no one interferes. In the Forêt de Soignes, one of the forests bordering Brussels, there is such a tree, a beech tree, that exemplifies this perseverance to me like no other. Its trunk is split in two up until 2-3 meters above the ground where the roots hit the soil. The inner part of the trunk seems dead but in the outer part of the trunk, the cambium, there is still life and branches with healthy green leaves sprout and extend in every direction. Whenever I pass this beech tree it teaches me a lesson, in fact more than one: Don’t despair. You are stronger than you think you are. Carry on. Life goes on, even after setbacks. Different perhaps, but in ways you could not have imagined before. Try and make the best out of the situation you are in. Count on friendship, ask for and accept help. Community cares and protects. Together, we are stronger. What I haven’t mentioned yet is that this special beech tree stands in the vicinity of a strong, mature tree, also a beech tree. You may be aware that the most interesting things in the forest happen underground, in the soil, the part the eye does not see. The reason why my “perseverance tree” is still alive may be because of the help it received from the nearby beech tree(s) and other agents through a fascinating underground network, known as the mycorrhizal network. Scientists discovered that, simply speaking, trees and fungi (especially mycorrhizal fungi) form a symbiotic relationship with each other. Fungi form complex networks of thread-like structures, called hyphae, which attach to the roots of trees, creating a win-win situation for both sides, as both exchange nutrients through this connection: Trees provide the fungi with carbohydrates (sugars produced during photosynthesis) which fungi cannot produce themselves. In turn, fungi act as an extension of the tree’s root system, providing it with nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and micronutrients, thereby increasing the tree’s access to essential minerals. But there’s more to this network than just the exchange of food. The extended root system provided by fungi helps trees to absorb water more efficiently, especially during dry periods. It protects tree roots from infection through harmful microorganisms by creating a protective barrier around them and it also helps trees to communicate with each other. Trees talk to each other? Yes, via chemical signals. These are not just released in the air in the form of phytoncides, creating the typical forest scent. They are also sent via the root network. For example, when a tree is attacked by insects or facing drought it sends signals via the fungal network to neighbouring trees, enabling them to prepare defenses. But this network does not just connect individual trees and fungi. It links multiple plants and even different species of trees together, forming a vast underground network, that scientists have dubbed the ‘internet of the forest’ or the ‘wood-wide web’. Now, while trees are often in competition with each other for sunlight and space, this underground network fosters cooperation and mutual care. It has been discovered that larger, more mature trees, often referred to as mother trees, can share nutrients to younger or weaker trees, helping them to survive in the shaded understory where light is sparce. This sharing and caring strengthens not just the resilience of the weaker trees but benefits the overall interconnectedness of the forest, sustaining the health and diversity of forest ecosystems. So, with this in mind, my ‘perseverance tree’ sets more than one example: Things happen but you can still thrive Every contribution that fosters the well-being of the whole is needed. There needs to be a healthy balance between competition and cooperation for everyone to strive. Diversity is strength. Next time when you walk through a forest, think about all the incredible things that happen beneath your feet. When you walk past a more mature tree, notice the seedlings that grow in his shadow. When you pass by a mushroom, think about how its cap and stem are only the visible part of its larger self and how its hyphae help connecting the forest, ensuring its resilience and health, so it can continue producing the air that all of us breathe. For more information: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oVK9TCXZz6I